Eszmények és emlékek Bartók Negyvennégy hegedűduójában

Riskó, Kata (2012) Eszmények és emlékek Bartók Negyvennégy hegedűduójában. MAGYAR ZENE, 50 (4). pp. 457-471. ISSN 0025-0384

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Abstract

The 44 Duos are unique among Bartók’s folksongs arrangements in the character- istics of its choice of melodies. Its peculiarity consists not only in juxtaposing Hungarian, Slovakian, Rumanian, Ruthenian, Serbian and Arab folk tunes. In the 44 Duos Bartók chose melodies which represent musical connections between the above- mentioned ethnic groups. One can find examples of the influence of the Hungarian “new- style” in Slovakian folk music, Hungarian “old- style” in Ruma- nian music, Ruthenian “kolomejka” rhythm in Hungarian and Slovakian folk songs. There are also borrowed melodies, and musical elements, which are present in melodies of various ethnic groups. The selecting of particular types in the 44 Duos can be explained by the aim to e xpress ideas which are conceived by Bartók several times. One aspect of these ideas is the cooperation of Hungarians, Rumanians and Slovaks which should be free from a national bias. Other aspect is the brotherhood of peoples in spite of all wars and conflicts. He wrote that his music served this idea by arising from Hun- garian, Slovak, Rumanian, Arabic and other sources. Responding to nazi ideology he also stated that the “race impurity” of folk music is a beneficial phenomenon, as new styles or new types of melodies can be born through the interaction of folk music. The other group of pieces of the 44 Duos (excepting some easy ones for begin- ners) are based on Hungarian, Slovakian, Rumanian and Ruthenian tunes of folk ceremonies. Bartók named the type of ceremony but did not mark the ethnic provenance of the source in the titles. Therefore this group can represent an imaginary cycle of ceremony songs of the Carpathian basin. This is on the one hand a picturesque phrasing of the ideas mentioned above. On the other hand it evokes the peasant life and ceremonies of the multiethnic Hungary before World W ar I and a reminiscence of period of Bartók’s collecting trips.

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