Magyarország egy mikrorégiójának (Észak-Hajdúság) népességfejlődése a 10-13. században

Szűcs, László and János, István and Molnár, Mónika and Szathmáry, László (2015) Magyarország egy mikrorégiójának (Észak-Hajdúság) népességfejlődése a 10-13. században. Anthropologiai Közlemények, 56. pp. 43-59. ISSN 0003-5440

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Abstract

Population development in a microregion (Northern Hajdúság) of Hungary in the 10th–13th century – A craniometric analysis. Exceptionally rich anthropological material is available from the Northern Hajdúság microregion (Tiszántúl region, Hungary) from the 10th–13th century through five representative cemeteries. The five cemeteries, namely Hajdúdorog-Gyúlás (10th century), Hajdúdorog-Kövecseshalom (11th century), Hajdúdorog-Temetőhegy (11th century), Hajdúdorog-Katidűlő (12th–13th century) and Hajdúdorog-Szállásföld (12th–13th century) are located very close to each other. In the present study, biological relations and development of these populations were considered. 367 male and 334 female skulls were involved in multivariate statistical analyses on the basis of 10 linear cranial dimensions. The five populations of the microregion showed a very heterogeneous craniometric structure. The 10th-century population (Gyúlás, pagan era) sharply separated from the three other ones dated to the subsequent periods, but it showed a closer relationship with the 11th-century Kövecseshalom population. This last one (from the Christian era) is considered to be the survivals of the pagan conquerors that preferred to stay in the region. Considering the 10thcentury biological antecedents of the 11th-century populations, it is quite possible that Temetőhegy population might have arrived at this area from the Danube-Tisza Plain region. For the Kövecseshalom population the 10th-century antecedents could also be found in the Danube-Tisza Plain and Northern Hungary regions. The strongest anatomical relationship was found between the population of Hajdúdorog-Temetőhegy (11th century) and Hajdúdorog-Katidűlő (12th–13th century). According to the former results, this 11th-century population probably continued living in this area till the 13th century. The 12th–13th-century cemetery of Hajdúdorog-Szállásföld with its exceptionally high number of graves might have served as a resting place for several villages and represented a separate line of population development. The authors suppose that there were two crises in the examined periods. The first crisis set in at the transition from the pagan era (10th century) to the Christian era (from the beginning of the 11th century); the second meant burying the dead of the populations lacking a church in the churchyards of villages, which had a church. At that time several populations may have used a common graveyard around a church.

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