Igeidő, aspektus és episztemikus lehorgonyzás a magyarban

Tolcsvai Nagy, Gábor (2014) Igeidő, aspektus és episztemikus lehorgonyzás a magyarban. NYELVTUDOMÁNYI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 110. pp. 227-250. ISSN 0029-6791 (print); 2060-7644 (online)

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Abstract

The paper discusses the temporal complexity of finite verbs with Hungarian in the focus, based on the theories of R. Langacker and F. Brisard. Three factors and their relations function in the construal of temporality in verbs: (i) the inherent temporality of verbs (a verb denotes a process in time, based on the processing of present points and duration), (ii) the temporal structure of the clause expressing a scene, including tense by suffixation, (iii) the ground, with the features of processing time as understood by the conceptualizer. In my hypothesis, the suffix denoting tense has a semantic effect on the verb stem meaning. The conceptualizer can modify the profile on the default semantic structure of the verb, mainly on aspect, with attention shift, by the semantic influence of the tense suffix. Traditional grammars describe the relation between the stem and the suffix as morphophonological addition, used for a certain syntactic function. In fact, the finite verb (as in Hungarian) proves to be a complex unit with a default epistemic content: it expresses person, number, tense, mood, and in certain types the definiteness of the direct object, all in specific morphophonological forms, related to the ground. Entirety or ongoingness of a process is a matter of degree, and present and past tense have a default epistemic nature. The suffix forms dynamically the type meaning of the verb in its instantiation, according to the specific features of the grounding relation, depending on the perspectival intention of the speaker. Within these dynamic construal processes, certain phases (parts) of the process expressed by the lexical verb are profiled, i.e. put in the focus of attention, while other phases are backgrounded. This attention focusing varies according to the functions of epistemic grounding, within the current discourse space. The paper discusses the variability of temporality in Hungarian clauses with a complex approach including the categories time, inherent lexical temporality, scope, aspect, tense, epistemic grounding, temporality in the clause, and the relation between tense and grounding.

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