A Balaton és a Kis-Balaton bütykös hattyú (Cygnus olor) költő állománya és annak természetvédelmi jelentősége (1993-2001)

Horváth, Jenő (2003) A Balaton és a Kis-Balaton bütykös hattyú (Cygnus olor) költő állománya és annak természetvédelmi jelentősége (1993-2001). MAGYAR VÍZIVAD KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 10. pp. 265-300. ISSN 1416-1389

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Abstract

After a pause of one hundred years mute swan has once again become a breeding member of the Hungarian avifauna. Its appearance raised a number of questions both with respect to nature conservation and human interference. Lake Balaton and Kisbalaton is crucially vital for the domestic population, which belongs to the currently evolving and increasing Hungarian-Ukrainian population. It consists of partly domesticated individuals mixed with immutability (30% is immutable). 40% of the breeding population is wintering, half of the moulting population can be found in these waters. Observations based on colored neck rings verify that loyalty to the area is characteristic of at least 30% of the birds. 20% of the individuals identified as breeders in Kisbalaton built thennests in this area, and went to Croatia for wintering. The domestic wintering population is also mixed with members of the northern and southern populations. With respect to nature conservation, the aggression of the species is most evident during the breeding period. To solve local problems, intervention is justified as part of nature conservation methods. In most of the cases the “swan problem” of Balaton can be traced back to human reasons and demands, that is why we have to/can intervene with the stock. From an ecological viewpoint, all methods of decrease can only be considered as a symptom treatment, which has a short-term impact. In spite of this, the picking out of eggs is recommended in accordance with the method used so far to decrease the number of nestlings in Balaton. Birds can be kept away from beaches by forbidding feeding and by regular flapping. I gave detailed, efficient methods that were tested in the past for the survey of the stock and the description of the needed intervention It can be stated that mute swan has found favorable life conditions in Lake Balaton and Kisbalaton. We have to count with the lasting presence of the species in the future - together with all of its problems that we know from elsewhere in Europe.

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