Géza vagy István idejében alapították-e a veszprémvölgyi monostort? = Was the Monastery in the Veszprém Valley Founded During the Reign of Dux Géza or During That of King Stephen?

Holler, László (2011) Géza vagy István idejében alapították-e a veszprémvölgyi monostort? = Was the Monastery in the Veszprém Valley Founded During the Reign of Dux Géza or During That of King Stephen? MAGYAR NYELV : A MAGYAR NYELVTUDOMÁNYI TÁRSASÁG FOLYÓIRATA, 107 (3). pp. 276-298. ISSN 0025-0228 (nyomtatott); 1588-1210 (elektronikus)

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Abstract

The diploma on the foundation of the Monastery in the Veszprém Valley is considered by Imre Szentpétery to be the earliest known charter issued in Hungary; he claims that the emission took place before 1002. The text is an exceptional document of Hungarian history, not only because of its early date, but also due to the fact that it is the only authentic royal charter of all times written in Greek. The extant copy of the text has survived as a supplement to the Latin charter listing the properties and privileges of the same Monastery issued by King Coloman in 1109. According to Albin Balogh’s view, published in 1947, the original Greek charter was issued by Dux Géza, father of Saint Stephen, at the end of the 10th century. In spite of his convincing arguments, Hungarian historians ignored his view. In 1992 the Diplomata Hungariae Antiquissima accepted Gyula Moravcsik and György Györffy’s reasoning and dated the charter to the years around/after 1018. In this study the author shows that the arguments supporting this late date of issue are definitely wrong. On the other hand, Albin Balogh’s view offers a consistent explanation of several problems in connection to this charter. The author’s reasoning leads to the conclusion that the charter must has been issued between 975 and 985, most probably around the year 980, during Géza’s reign, being in fact the earliest known text surviving from the Carpathian Basin written during the Hungarian rule here. This charter is a document of the strong influence of the Byzantine Church in Hungary at the time.

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