Nézetek az abszolutista államról – egykor és most – Kormányforma vagy történeti államtípus

Balogh, Judit (2026) Nézetek az abszolutista államról – egykor és most – Kormányforma vagy történeti államtípus. JOG ÁLLAM POLITIKA: JOG- ÉS POLITIKATUDOMÁNYI FOLYÓIRAT, 18 (1). pp. 21-40. ISSN 2060-4580

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Abstract

One of the most difficult tasks in the history of the state is distinguishing between forms of government and types of states, especially because there are few examples in world history where all the conceptual elements of a given type of state appeared simultaneously, or where a system described in theory was implemented in practice in its pure form. Science has always been tasked with reinterpreting historical events. This study attempts to do so by offering a new approach to the absolute form of government. The classical theoretical conception of absolutism meant that the ruler exercised absolute power in a state, exclusively and without restriction by anyone or anything. In its pure form, however, this never actually existed in any state, as it was always mixed with features characteristic of other forms of government. The study lists the forms of absolutism identified by science, first according to the time of their emergence and then according to their basic characteristics. It emphasizes the changes in theories related to enlightened absolutism and argues that these categories remain valid today, albeit with more nuanced content for both absolutism and enlightened absolutism. Additionally, new labels have emerged, such as the fiscal-military state, the coordinating state, and reform absolutism. In the final chapter, the study examines the legacy of absolutism by exploring how it shaped state organization and by identifying the tools and practices that later served as models for centralized systems of power.

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