Nagy, Botond (2013) Erdővagyon-újraelosztás és faipari nagyvállalatok megjelenése Háromszéken. In: Certamen - Előadások a Magyar Tudomány Napján az Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület I. szakosztályában. Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület, Kolozsvár, pp. 335-352. ISBN 978-606-8178-78-3
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Abstract
Az 1880-as évek végén Háromszéken léptékváltás következett be az erdőkiélés gyakorlatában: a hagyományos vízierőművek által működtetett fűrészek helyett a gőzerő vált dominánssá a feldolgozásban, az ökrös vontatás helyett pedig erdei iparvasutak hálózták be az erdőket. Mindennek előfeltétele volt a vállalkozói likviditás és a nagy kiterjedésű erdők rendelkezésre állása. Gyorsan mozgósítható befektetési tőke helyi szinten kevésbé volt elérhető, az erdők tulajdonviszonyában pedig olyan változások történtek, amelyekre érdemes odai gyelni a folyamat megértéséhez. A kérdés alapvetően közgazdasági természetű, ám magánjogi, közigazgatási és diplomáciai vetületei ugyanolyan mértékben képezik tanulmányunk tárgyát. Mivel az egész folyamat helyszíne földrajzilag jól behatárolható – a Keleti-Kárpátok vonulata – a vizsgálódást az országhatárral kell kezdenünk. In the last quarter of the 19th century the forest industry has become the leading sector of the economy of Háromszék County. One must consider the huge forest properties that had changed their owners, the dimensions of the investment capital flowed, the development of the infrastructure in production and transport, and ultimately the amount of transported goods. The essentially economical process had antecedents regarding private, administrative and diplomatic law. The present study focuses on the interplay of the presented factors during several decades. Influences of private and community ownership changes, the attitude of the local administration towards the natural environment and the interests of the community, the border functions of the territory – marked from above by the reorientation that took place in the field of the state-theory at the level of the central government – are the factors that have crystallized in a medium-sized period, and that influenced the whole process. The study points out that in this economical environment the forest industry fitted successfully in a continental and cross-bordered structure. În ultimul sfert al secolului al XIX-lea, într-o perioadă de doar jumătate de deceniu, industria forestieră a devenit sectorul cel mai important în economia comitatului Trei Scaune. Vorbim despre o suprafaţă semnii cativă de păduri care și-au schimbat proprietarii, despre cuantumul investiţiilor de capital, despre dezvoltarea infrastructurii de producţie și de transport, respectiv despre volumul mare al mărfurilor transportate. Problema economică în esenţă a avut antecedente de natura dreptului privat, administrativ și diplomatic. Studiul de faţă are ca obiect analiza interacţiunii tuturor acestor factori pe parcursul mai multor decenii. Inl uenţa schimbărilor în forma de proprietate privată sau comunitară a pădurilor, atitudinea administraţiei locale faţă de mediul natural și interesul comunitar, funcţia de graniţă a teritoriului discutat – suprascris la nivel guvernamental central în urma reorientării în domeniul teoriei de stat – sunt factorii care s-au cristalizat într-o perioadă medie de timp, și care au marcat întregul proces. Studiul de faţă conclude că în acest mediu economic creat industria forestieră s-a potrivit cu succes într-o structură transfrontalieră, continentală.
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