A nagydobszai graduál Psalteriuma = The Psalter of the Nagydobsza Gradual

Fekete, Csaba (2012) A nagydobszai graduál Psalteriuma = The Psalter of the Nagydobsza Gradual. ACTA PAPENSIA, 12 (1-4). pp. 91-117. ISSN 1587-6292

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Abstract

The term ’gradual’ has a special Hungarian Protestant connotation. It is a Service Book, which consists of items selected from the Antiphonale, Responsoriale, Passionale, and Psalterium, also in addition a few Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, Credo, but no Graduale or Benedictus at all. So it is in no way braching off to the Graduale Romanum. The mediaval legacy of plain chant in native Magyar tongue survived and kept in ceremonial use by the Reformed Church in Hungary up to the middle of the XVIIIth century. The present paper compares the text of psalms, and clears up textual diversity of the mutilated Psalter incorporated in a gradual of the Nagydobsza congregation (South Hungary, County Baranya), copied in the first decade of the XVIIth century, wich contains today not more than 37 psalms, canticum Mariae et Zacharia, et the Athanasian Creed. The first full Hungarian Bible was published in 1590, but two earlier translations of the Psalter were printed in 1538 and 1560. Yet some of the psalm translations used in liturgy has not been selected from these, nor from those of humanist scientists, and are philologically loose paraphrases of the latin. Partly they became corrected according to Hebrew, others not. These psalm texts however were well worded and effective to be known by hearing, and so had influenced thought and service. So traditional psalms cannot be easily uprooted or replaced by more exact translations. On the other hand there was no officially appointed translation to be exclusively used in reformed service. So translations of different styles survived side by side in daily service as far as the old shape of liturgy being upheld.

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